213 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
213 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
WellRESTed
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==========
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WellRESTed is a microframework for creating RESTful APIs in PHP. It provides a lightwight yet powerful routing system and classes to make working with HTTP requests and responses clean and easy.
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Requirements
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------------
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- PHP 5.3
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- [Composer](http://getcomposer.org/) for autoloading
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- [PHP cURL](http://php.net/manual/en/book.curl.php) for making requests
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Install
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-------
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Add an entry for "pjdietz/wellrested" to your composer.json file's **require** property. If you are not already using Composer, create a file in your project called **composer.json** with the following content:
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```json
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{
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"require": {
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"pjdietz/wellrested": "2.*"
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}
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}
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```
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Use Composer to download and install WellRESTed. Run these commands from the directory containing the **composer.json** file.
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```bash
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$ curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
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$ php composer.phar install
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```
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You can now use WellRESTed by including the **autoload.php** file generated by Composer. `vendor/autoload.php`
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Examples
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--------
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### Routing
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WellRESTed's primary goal is to facilitate mapping of URIs to classes that will provide or accept representations. To do this, create a Router instance and load it up with some Routes. Each Route is simply a mapping of a URI pattern to a class name. The class name represents the Handler (any class implementing `HandlerInterface`) which the router will dispatch at the time it receives a request for the given URI. **The handlers are never loaded unless they are needed.**
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Here's an example of a Router that will handle two URIs:
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```php
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// Build the router.
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$myRouter = new Router();
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$myRouter->addRoutes(array(
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new StaticRoute("/", "\\myapi\\Handlers\\RootHandler")),
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new StaticRoute("/cats/", "\\myapi\\Handlers\\CatCollectionHandler")),
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new TemplateRoute("/cats/{id}/", "\\myapi\\Handlers\\CatItemHandler"))
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);
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$myRouter->respond();
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```
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### Building Routes with JSON
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WellRESTed also provides a class to construct routes for you based on a JSON description. Here's an example.
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```php
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$json = <<<'JSON'
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{
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"handlerNamespace": "\\myapi\\Handlers",
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"routes": [
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{
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"path": "/",
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"handler": "RootHandler"
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},
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{
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"path": "/cats/",
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"handler": "CatCollectionHandler"
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},
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{
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"tempalte": "/cats/{id}",
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"handler": "CatItemHandler"
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}
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]
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}
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JSON;
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$builder = new RouteBuilder();
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$routes = $builder->buildRoutes($json);
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$router = new Router();
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$router->addRoutes($routes);
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$router->respond();
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```
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Notice that when you build routes through JSON, you can provide a `handlerNamespace` to be affixed to the front of every `handler`.
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### Handlers
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Any class that implements `HandlerInterface` may be the handler for a route. This could be a class that builds the actual response, or it could another `Router`.
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For most cases, you'll want to use a subclass of the `Handler` class, which provides methods for responding based on HTTP method. When you create your Handler subclass, you will implement a method for each HTTP verb you would like the endpoint to support. For example, if `/cats/` should support `GET`, you would override the `get()` method. For `POST`, `post()`, etc.
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If your endpoint should reject particular verbs, no worries. The Handler base class defines the default verb-handling methods to respond with a **405 Method Not Allowed** status.
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Here's a simple Handler that matches the first endpoint, `/things/`.
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```php
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class CatsCollectionHandler extends \pjdietz\WellRESTed\Handler
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{
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protected function get()
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{
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// Read some things from the database, cache, whatever.
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// ...read this into the variable $cat
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// Set the values for the instance's response member. This is what the
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// Router will eventually use to output a response to the client.
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$this->response->setStatusCode(200);
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$this->response->setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
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$this->response->setBody(json_encode($cat));
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}
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protected function post()
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{
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// Read from the instance's request member and store a new cat.
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$cat = json_decode($this->request->getBody());
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// ...store $cat to database...
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// Build a response to send to the client.
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$this->response->setStatusCode(201);
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$this->response->setBody('You added a new cat!');
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}
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}
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```
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This Handler works with the endpoint, `/cats/{id}`. The template for this endpoint has the variable `{id}` in it. The Handler can access path variables through its `args` member, which is an associative array of variables from the URI.
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```php
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class ThingItemHandler extends \pjdietz\WellRESTed\Handler
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{
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protected function get()
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{
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// Lookup a cat ($cat) based on $this->args['id']
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// ...do lookup here...
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if ($cat) {
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// The cat exists! Let's output a representation.
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$this->response->setStatusCode(200);
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$this->response->setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
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$this->response->setBody(json_encode($cat));
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} else {
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// The ID did not match anything.
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$this->response->setStatusCode(404);
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$this->response->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
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$this->response->setBody('No cat with id ' . $this->args['id']);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### Requests and Responses
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You've already seen a `Response` in use in the examples above. You can also use `Response`s outside of `Handler`s. Let's take a look at creating a new `Response`, setting a header, supplying the body, and outputting.
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```php
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$resp = new \pjdietz\WellRESTed\Response();
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$resp->setStatusCode(200);
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$resp->setHeader('Content-type', 'text/plain');
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$resp->setBody('Hello world!');
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$resp->respond();
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exit;
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```
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The `Request` class goes hand-in-hand with the `Response` class. Again, this is used in the Handler class to read the information from the request being handled. From outside the context of a `Handler`, you can also use the `Request` class to read info for the request sent to the server.
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```php
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// Call the static method Request::getRequest() to get a reference to the Request
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// singleton that represents the request made to the server.
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$rqst = \pjdietz\WellRESTed\Request::getRequest();
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if ($rqst->getMethod() === 'PUT') {
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$obj = json_decode($rqst->getBody());
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// Do something with the JSON sent as the message body.
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// ...
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}
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```
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The Request class can also make a request to another server and provide the response as a Response object. (This feature requires [PHP cURL](http://php.net/manual/en/book.curl.php).)
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```php
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// Prepare a request.
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$rqst = new \pjdietz\WellRESTed\Request();
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$rqst->setUri('http://my.api.local/resources/');
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$rqst->setMethod('POST');
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$rqst->setBody(json_encode($newResource));
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// Make the request.
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$resp = $rqst->request();
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// Read the response.
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if ($resp->getStatusCode() === 201) {
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// The new resource was created.
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$createdResource = json_decode($resp->getBody());
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}
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```
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More Examples
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---------------
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For more examples, see the project [pjdietz/wellrested-samples](https://github.com/pjdietz/wellrested-samples). **Not yet updated for version 2.0**
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Copyright and License
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---------------------
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Copyright © 2014 by PJ Dietz
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Licensed under the [MIT license](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
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